No records document Peeter Neeffs the Elder's birth or apprenticeship, but both presumably occurred in Antwerp, where his father, Aart Neeffs, worked both as a silk merchant and an innkeeper. Although scholars have traditionally believed that Neeffs was born about 1578, the more probable date is around 1590. A clear source of influence on the young artist was Hendrik van Steenwijck the Elder (c. 1550-c. 1603), an early specialist in architectural painting, as well as his son, Hendrik van Steenwijck II (c. 1580-1649). Neeffs painted several copies of Steenwijck the Younger's compositions, including his earliest dated church interior of 1605 (Dresden, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, inv. 1183). All three of these artists worked within a tradition of architectural painting established by Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527-c. 1606).
Neeffs became a master in the Antwerp Saint Luke's Guild in 1609. In 1612 he married Maria Lauterbeens, who bore him five children between 1614 and 1623. When she died in 1655 or 1656, Neeffs was still alive, but he was apparently dead by 1661, when De Bie referred to him in the past tense.
Neeffs had only one documented pupil, Laureys de Cater, about whom nothing is known. However, his style of architectural painting was perpetuated by two of his sons: Lodewijck (b. 1617) and Peeter the Younger (1620-after 1675), both of whom must have worked in their father's studio. Although only a few paintings by Lodewijck are known, Peeter was a prolific artist who specialized in small-scale repetitions of his father's compositions until 1675. Indeed, the works of the elder and younger Neeffs are remarkably similar and often difficult to attribute with certainty.
Peeter Neeffs the Elder painted exclusively architectural scenes, most of which were executed on copper, a smooth surface appropriate for the linear character of his style. Although he based a number of his church interiors on existing structures, such as the Antwerp Cathedral, all of his scenes are, to a certain degree, fanciful. His style is characterized by deeply receding spaces, created through the use of linear perspective and contrasting areas of light and dark. Although Neeffs occasionally painted his own staffage figures, he often collaborated with other painters, including Frans Francken the Younger, Frans Francken III (1607-1667), and Bonaventura Peeters the Elder (1614-1652).
[This is the artist's biography published in the NGA Systematic Catalogue]
